An appellate court in Georgia has held that a quorum is not required for election of the directors of a homeowners’ association when the election is conducted by written ballot as permitted by the association’s bylaws and not at a meeting of the members.  It has also held, pursuant to a quirk in homeowners’ association law, that a non-member of the association may not serve as a director, even though the articles of incorporation of the association provide that directors need not be members of the association.

A Black librarian in Alabama has been denied reinstatement to her position as interim library director as the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has affirmed dismissal of her section 1983 suit for violation of her Constitutional rights. 

The IRS has announced the higher limits for tax years beginning in 2024 for the value of “insubstantial benefits” that may be received by a donor in return for a contribution without causing the contribution to fail to be fully deductible. 

Parents of a five-year old African American student in Florida may pursue a suit for discriminatory breach of contract under section 1981 of federal law, a federal District Court in Tampa has ruled. 

A member of a sailing club may redeem his membership certificate following his withdrawal from the club at a price substantially more than his original payment, an appellate court in New Jersey has ruled.  The club had argued paying the higher amount would be an illegal contract in violation of the state nonprofit corporation law that prohibits distribution of any part of the club’s income or profit to a member.